Read article--The Crossroads of History: The Struggle against Jihad and Supremacist Ideologies

"....The true challenge of Islamic supremacism to America and the free world is not about Islam, Islamism, or terrorism, but about us.

It is a historic challenge to determine whether we truly have the courage of our convictions on equality and liberty and we are willing to fight for these ideals, or if we will instead accept the continuing growth of anti-freedom ideologies here and around the world...."

Counterintelligence/Espionage Case

Name	CHUNG, Dongfan aka Greg Chung
Employer	Rockwell International / Boeing
Dates of Employment	Rockwell International, Downey, CA: July 1973 to December 1996 when its defense and space unit was bought by Boeing. Boeing at Huntington Beach facility: December 1996 to 5 September 2002 when he retired Boeing contractor at Huntington Beach facility: March 2003 to 11 September 2006
Employee Type	Engineer
Job Title/Duties	Worked on the space shuttle program
Military Rank
Clearance Level	Secret

Spying For	People's Republic of China
Codename
Spying Dates	1979-2006
Co-conspirators	Chi Mak and his family
Methodology	Individuals in the Chinese aviation industry began sending Chung “tasking” letters as early as 1979. Over the years, the letters directed Chung to collect specific technological information, including data related to the Space Shuttle and various military and civilian aircraft. Between 1985 and 2003, Chung made multiple trips to the PRC to deliver lectures on technology involving the Space Shuttle and other programs, and during those trips he met with officials and agents of the PRC government. Did not report his foreign travel to Boeing as required. Chung and PRC officials exchanged letters that discussed cover stories for Chung’s travel to China and recommended methods for passing information, including suggestions that Chung use Chi Mak to transmit information. The indictment describes a May 2, 1987 letter from Gu Weihao, an official in the Ministry of Aviation and China Aviation Industry Corporation, which discussed the possibility of inviting Chung’s wife, who is an artist, to visit an art institute so that Chung could use the cover of traveling with his wife as an excuse to travel to the PRC.
Possible Motivations, Problems	Chung indicated to his PRC handlers a desire to contribute to the “motherland.” "I don't know what I can do for the country. Having been a Chinese compatriot for over thirty years and being proud of the achievements by the people's efforts for the motherland, I am regretful for not contributing anything.....I would like to make an effort to contribute to the Four Modernizations of China."--undated (probably 1979) letter from Chung to Professor Chen Lung Ku at Harbin Institute of Technology in the PRC 9 September 1979 letter from Chen Lung Ku: "We are all moved by your patriotism. You have spent so much time to reorganize the notes from several years ago; copying and finding the information that could be needed by us, and you have actively put in your efforts towards the Four Modernizations of the Motherland. Your spirit is an encouragement and driving force to us. We'd like to join our hands together with the overseas compatriots in the endeavor for the construction of our great socialist motherland." "It is your honor and China’s fortune that you are able to realize your wish of dedicating yourself to the service of your country."--May 2, 1987 letter to Chung from Gu Weihao, an official in the Ministry of Aviation and China Aviation Industry Corporation
Finances
Identified/ Investigation
Arrest Date/Location	Monday, 11 February 2008, Orange, CA
Charges	Eight counts of economic espionage, one count of conspiracy to commit economic espionage, one count of acting as an unregistered foreign agent without prior notification to the Attorney General, one count of obstruction of justice, and three counts of making false statements to FBI investigators. In various letters to his handlers in the PRC, Chung referenced engineering manuals he had collected and sent to the PRC, including 24 manuals relating to the B-1 Bomber that Rockwell had prohibited from disclosure outside of the company.
Court	Central District of California
Lawyers
Status	Trial postponed until 5 May 2009

Date/Place of Birth	1936, China
Citizenship	US naturalized citizen
Residences	Orange, CA
Education
Family	Wife who is an artist; son Shane Chung
Other Employment
Additional Bio

Documents	Former Boeing Engineer Charged with Economic Espionage in Theft of Space Shuttle Secrets for China......(DOJ Press Release, 11 Feb 08) AFFIDAVIT: US v Dongfan "Greg" Chung....(6 Feb 08) Prepared Remarks of Kenneth L. Wainstein, Assistant Attorney General for National Security, at a Press Conference Announcing Espionage Charges.....(DOJ, 11 Feb 08)
Quotes	"While the collapse of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War, it did not end the threat from the foreign intelligence services."--Kenneth L. Wainstein, assistant U.S. attorney general for national security "The case is yet further proof of the fundamental hostility the Chinese regime has toward the United States."--Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Huntington Beach/Long Beach, a longtime critic of China
Case Links

News:

US Charges 2 in China Spy Case

A Defense Department analyst and a former engineer for Boeing Co. were accused Monday in separate spy cases with helping deliver military secrets to the Chinese government…In the first case, prosecutors said weapons systems policy analyst Gregg W. Bergersen, 51, of Alexandria, Va., sold classified defense information to a New Orleans furniture salesman. In return, the salesman, a Taiwan native identified as Tai Kuo, a 58-year-old naturalized U.S. citizen, forwarded the information to the Chinese government…In the second, unrelated case, former Boeing engineer Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, was charged with working as an unregistered agent for the Chinese government who stole trade secrets from the defense contractor. The stolen data largely focused on aerospace programs, prosecutors said. Chung, a naturalized U.S. citizen, was indicted last week on espionage, conspiracy and obstructing justices charges that were unsealed Monday…..(Time Magazine, 1 Apr 08)

Trial delayed for engineer charged with stealing trade secrets

A judge agreed Monday to postpone for 13 months the trial of a Chinese-American engineer charged with stealing military and aerospace trade secrets on behalf of China. Kenneth Miller, the attorney for 72-year-old Dongfan "Greg" Chung, asked for the delay because he is involved in a lengthy trial, said Assistant U.S. Attorney Greg Staples. The trial was scheduled for April 8, but U.S. District Judge Cormac Carney agreed to delay it until May 5, 2009……(AP, 31 Mar 08)

China spy case seen as warning

Accusations of economic espionage against Dongfan "Greg" Chung, an Orange resident and former Boeing Co.engineer, suggest he may have been only a minor player in Chinese efforts to obtain foreign space and military technology, experts said. The federal charges against Chung include stealing trade secrets about the space shuttle, the Delta IV rocket and the C-17 military cargo jet for the benefit of the Chinese government and aerospace industry... According to Chung's indictment, a Chinese government official wrote to Chung in 1987 suggesting that passing information though Mak was "faster and safer." In 1988, the same official wrote to Chung that Mak's wife was in China and had reported that the Maks and Chungs had a good relationship, the indictment said.......(OC Register, 20 Feb 08)

Plea Entered in China Secrets Case

…An indictment unsealed last week charges Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, with economic espionage, conspiracy, acting as a foreign agent, obstruction of justice and making false statements to the FBI. Chung, who is free on bail, was arraigned before U.S. Magistrate Judge Marc Goldman in Santa Ana. Goldman set a trial date of April 8…The case against Chung grew out of an investigation into another Chinese-American engineer who worked for a U.S. naval contractor in Anaheim. That engineer, Chi Mak, was convicted last year of conspiring to export U.S. defense technology to China and other crimes. He is awaiting sentencing……(AP, 19 Feb 08)

A Spy’s Motivation: For Love of Another Country

........A new study by a Defense Department contractor shows that divided loyalty, usually on the part of naturalized Americans with roots in a foreign land, has become the dominant motive.

From 1947 to 1990, the study found, fewer than 1 in 5 Americans charged with spying were acting solely or primarily out of patriotic, as opposed to ideological, loyalty to a foreign country. Since 1990, according to the study’s author, Katherine L. Herbig, divided loyalty has been the sole or primary motive in about half of all cases.

“Dual loyalty is a problem we haven’t seen on such a scale since the Revolution,” when many colonists swore allegiance to the British king, said Joel F. Brenner, the top counterintelligence official in the office of the director of national intelligence.

.....But even as the government aggressively courts first-generation and second-generation Americans, the new statistics suggest, it must keep a wary eye out for those whose real loyalty is to their native country or to militant Islam.....(New York Times, 20 April 2008)

REPORT: Changes in Espionage by Americans: 1947-2007 (pdf)

AVIC video could support FBI spy case

A computer-generated skeletal view of a military transport closely resembling the Boeing C-17 appeared in a promotional video released last year by Aviation Industries of China (AVIC). Coincidentally–or not–the FBI last week arrested a former Boeing engineer and charged him with passing trade secrets on the C-17 to China. The engineer, Greg Chung, 72, is a U.S. citizen of Chinese origin, who worked for Boeing in Southern California. He also faces charges of handing over details of the Delta IV space launcher….(Aviation International News, 19 Feb 08)

China Denies Justice Department’s Accusations of Espionage

China denied Thursday that it was conducting espionage operations in the United States, rebutting accusations by the Justice Department this week that four people had passed military secrets to the Chinese government…Prosecutors said the two cases were part of Beijing’s determined efforts to acquire American technology through espionage……(New York Times, 15 Feb 08)

China tells US to drop Cold War attitude after 'spy' arrests

China on Thursday told the United States to drop its "Cold War" attitude and stop accusing Beijing of espionage, after US authorities arrested four people on charges of spying for the Chinese. "The so-called accusation against China on the issue of espionage is totally groundless," foreign ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao…"We urge the United States to abandon its Cold War thinking and stop groundless accusations and instead contribute to mutual trust and friendship between our two peoples.".......(AFP, 14 Feb 08)

Experts see spying case at NASA as wake-up call

..."The sky is not falling, but don't be naive and deny there are lots of groups out there who want to find out about our space program," said Jim Oberg, an engineer and consultant and an expert on the Chinese and Russian space programs. he worry is that China can convert stolen information into military technologies. "Any improvement made to a Chinese space rocket is folded into a military missile," Oberg said......(Orlando Sentinel, 13 Feb 08)

The New Space Race: China vs. US

...The scale of Chung's alleged espionage is startling. According to the Justice Department, Chung may have been providing trade secrets to Chinese aerospace companies and government agents since 1979, when he was an engineer at Rockwell International, a company acquired by Boeing in 1996. He worked for Boeing until his retirement in March 2003, and continued to work as a contractor for the company until September 2006. The indictment alleges that Chung gave China documents relating to the B-1 bomber and the Delta IV rocket, which is used to lift heavy payloads into space, as well as information on an advanced antenna array intended for the Space Shuttle......(Time, 13 Feb 08)

Four arrested on charges of spying for China

…Beijing's spying style is difficult to counteract, some experts say. China does not utilize a few, highly placed, and deeply embedded agents as the Soviet Union did. Instead, it employs a vast, decentralized network of Chinese and China-born students, business people, and scientists, and acquires information one small bit at a time…In 1999, Los Alamos National Lab scientist Wen Ho Lee was charged with stealing nuclear secrets for China. In 2000, all but one charge was dropped. Many Chinese-Americans felt he was being singled out because of his ethnic heritage……(Christian Science Monitor, 13 Feb 08)

Four arrested on charges of spying for China

Orange County man is accused of being a spy

The Justice Department on Monday announced the indictment and arrest of a longtime aerospace worker in Southern California for allegedly passing classified documents to China in an elaborate espionage endeavor that spanned two decades and exposed trade secrets from the space shuttle, the Delta IV rocket and the C-17 military transport aircraft. Dongfan Chung, 72, a native of China who became a naturalized U.S. citizen and adopted the nickname "Greg," was arrested at his home in Orange and taken before a federal judge in Santa Ana. He was released after posting a $250,000 property bond. According to Thomas P. O'Brien, the U.S. attorney in Los Angeles, Chung spent more than 30 years as an engineer in the aerospace industry, working for Rockwell International and Boeing, and had a security clearance. He spied for his home country out of love for "the motherland" rather than from a desire to get rich, O'Brien said.......(Los Angeles Times, 12 Feb 08)

Engineer accused of spying for China

…Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, worked for Rockwell International before it was taken over by Boeing in 1996 and worked as a Boeing contractor as recently as 2006. Indicted on 15 counts of economic espionage, conspiracy, lying to investigators and obstruction of justice, he faces more than 100 years in prison if convicted of the charges. A native of China but a naturalized U.S. citizen, Chung held a top-secret security clearance. His case was one of two espionage cases involving China made public by the government Monday. The other involves a Defense Department analyst who was indicted in Virginia for passing secrets to two accomplices and eventually to the Chinese government … Assistant Atty. Gen. Kenneth Wainstein said at a news conference that the Justice Department has filed at least a half-dozen cases in the past six months involving China's efforts to acquire technology, ranging from battlefield night-vision equipment to accelerometers used to develop smart bombs and missiles……(Chicago Tribune, 12 Feb 08)

OC Man Accused Of Selling Secrets To China Released On Bond

A former Rockwell and Boeing engineer was arrested Monday at his home in Orange on charges of working for nearly 30 years as an unregistered agent of the Chinese government and stealing trade secrets from the defense contractors. The case against Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, involves "the theft of important trade secrets on behalf of the People's Republic of China," said Tom O'Brien, the U.S. attorney in Los Angeles.....(KNBC-TV, 11 Feb 08) video

Defense Official Is Charged in Chinese Espionage Case

They would meet every few months at restaurants in Northern Virginia, or sometimes take in a show in Las Vegas. Once, the Defense Department official emerged with a half-inch stack of hundred-dollar bills stuffed in his shirt pocket, federal officials said yesterday. His Chinese contact reported back to a handler in Beijing… If convicted, Bergersen faces up to 10 years in prison. Kuo and a third person charged, Yu Xin Kang, 33, of New Orleans, face up to life in prison. The former Boeing engineer charged in California, Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, faces more than 100 years in prison. Federal officials said many of the documents he is accused of stealing were found in his home and never made it to China…..(Washington Post, 12 Feb 08)

WP Video: 4 Charged with Giving US Secrets to China

Former Boeing Engineer Allegedly Shared Shuttle, Rocket Secrets With China

According to the indictment, Chung held a Secret security clearance during his time on the space shuttle program. Although he also is accused of passing secrets to the Chinese related to the Delta 4 rocket and C-17 cargo plane, Chung never worked on either of those programs...Chung also allegedly sent various letters to Chinese officials referencing engineering manuals he had collected on their behalf, including 24 internal company documents relating to the B-1 bomber. Among the other sensitive information Chung allegedly shared with Chinese officials were documents relating to a phased-array antenna Boeing was developing as a space shuttle upgrade in the mid-1990s and detailed technical descriptions of the Delta 4's pre-launch fueling processes……(Space, 12 Feb 08)

Two China Spy Cases Unveiled

…All the accused are alleged to have worked for China's benefit. In one case, Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, of Orange, Calif… Chung was indicted last week on charges of economic espionage and acting as an unregistered foreign agent of China…Separately, Tai Shen Kuo, 58, and Yu Xin Kang, 33, both of New Orleans, and Gregg William Bergersen, 51, of Alexandria, Va., were arrested the same day on espionage charges related to the passage of classified U.S. government documents and information to China…..(Aviation Week, 12 Feb 08)

Arrests Made in Chinese Spying Cases

A Defense Department analyst and a former engineer for Boeing Co. were accused Monday in separate spy cases with helping deliver military secrets to the Chinese government, the Justice Department said. Additionally, two immigrants from China and Taiwan accused of working with the defense analyst were arrested after an FBI raid Monday morning on a New Orleans home where one of them lived. The two cases _ based in Alexandria, Va., and Los Angeles _ have no connection, and investigators said it was merely a coincidence that charges would be brought against both on the same day. The arrests mark China's latest attempts to gain top secret information about U.S. military systems and sales, said Assistant Attorney General Kenneth Wainstein. He described China as "particularly adept, and particularly determined and methodical in their espionage efforts."........(AP, 12 Feb 08)

Former Boeing engineer accused of stealing trade secrets from NASA

…The case highlights what government officials say are ongoing efforts by Beijing to steal U.S. space technology -- especially if it has possible military applications. The shuttle once was considered a military project and the Delta IV is used to launch reconnaissance and other top-secret satellites into orbit…"Space is part of China's military modernization plans, so we have had collection efforts targeted at space, aerospace and military technology." As of October, the Department of Homeland Security's U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency reported that it had launched more than 540 investigations into illegal exports of controlled U.S. technology to China since 2000……(Orlando Sentinel, 12 Feb 08)

New Spy Arrests Focus on Chinese Espionage

…Gregg Bergersen, a weapons systems policy analyst at the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, which manages military sales to foreign governments, is alleged to have received money in return for documents, including classified data on planned weapons sales to Taiwan, over a two-year period… In the second case, a former Boeing engineer is accused of stealing proprietary data on several aerospace programs, including the space shuttle. An indictment alleges that Chinese officials began asking Dongfan "Greg" Chung of Orange, Calif., for specific data as far back as 1979…..(US News, 12 Feb 08)

Justice Dept. Announces Arrests in 2 Chinese Espionage Cases

Federal officials arrested a Defense Department official in Virginia on Monday and charged him with passing to agents of China classified defense documents about Taiwan’s arms purchases. About the same time, officials arrested a former Boeing engineer in California on charges of economic espionage, specifically stealing trade secrets from Boeing about the space shuttle and other projects on behalf of the Chinese government. There was no direct connection between the arrests…..(New York Times, 12 Feb 08)

Pentagon analyst, Chinese immigrant busted for Chinese espionage plots

FBI agents raided the suburban home of a Pentagon military sales analyst Monday and busted him on charges of spying for China in return for poker chips, plane tickets and a wad of hundreds. In a separate case of Chinese espionage, a 72-year-old former engineer and contractor for Boeing was charged with giving military and commercial secrets over decades to Beijing on systems ranging from the space program to Air Force cargo planes.....(NY Daily News, 12 Feb 08)

Alleged Boeing spy held

A retired Boeing Co. engineer has been arrested on charges that he passed "restricted" trade secrets to his native China about the space shuttle, C-17 cargo plane and other key Southern California aerospace programs, federal officials said Monday. Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, a naturalized U.S. citizen living in Orange, faces eight counts of economic espionage, as well as charges of conspiracy and obstruction of justice. If convicted, he faces a maximum of 160 years in federal prison......(Long Beach Press-Telegram, 11 Feb 08)

Boeing engineer charged with stealing Space Shuttle secrets for China

The Justice Department said Monday that it has arrested a former Boeing Co. engineer on charges that he stole Boeing trade secrets related to several aerospace programs -- including the Space Shuttle -- on behalf of the Peoples Republic of China. The department said the arrest of 72-year-old Dongfan "Greg" Chung, of Orange, Calif. follows his indictment on eight counts of economic espionage and acting as an unregistered foreign agent for China. Chung is alleged to have taken and concealed Boeing trade secrets relating to the Space Shuttle, the C-17 military transport aircraft and the Delta IV rocket....(Chicago Tribune, 11 Feb 08)

From China With Love

In recent years, high-tech Chinese spies allegedly infiltrated the Pentagon's electronic servers. As it turns out now, old-fashioned espionage may also be very much alive.....(Forbes, 11 Feb 08)

Former Boeing Engineer Charged With Economic Espionage

The Department of Justice Monday arrested and charged a former Boeing Co. (BA) engineer with economic espionage, alleging he stole trade secrets related to several aerospace programs for the People's Republic of China.....(Dow Jones, 11 Feb 08)

Ex-Boeing engineer arrested in Orange on spy charges

A former Boeing engineer was arrested at his Orange home today after being accused of compromising national security by stealing trade secrets about several aerospace programs, including the Space Shuttle, to benefit the People's Republic of China. In an indictment unsealed today, Dongfan "Greg" Chung, 72, was charged with eight counts of economic espionage, one count of conspiracy to commit economic espionage, one count of acting as an unregistered foreign agent without prior notification to the attorney general, one count of obstruction of justice, and three counts of making false statements to FBI investigators, prosecutors say......(OC Register, 11 Feb 08)

FBI Raids House in Chinese Spy Case

A Defense Department analyst and a former engineer for Boeing Co. were charged Monday in separate spy cases for allegedly selling military secrets to the Chinese government, the Justice Department said. Additionally, two Chinese immigrants accused of working with the defense analyst were arrested after an FBI raid Monday morning on a New Orleans home where one of them lived.......(AP 11 Feb 08)

Va. Man, Three Others Arrested, Charged With Espionage

Federal agents today arrested four people on espionage charges, including a Defense Department employee from Alexandria, and accused them of passing classified information to China that included details about the Space Shuttle and U.S. military sales to Taiwan. The DOD employee, Gregg William Bergersen, 51, was charged in U.S. District Court in Alexandria with conspiracy to disclose national defense information. He is a weapons policy analyst at the Arlington-based Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Also charged in federal court in Alexandria were Tai Shen Kuo, 58, and Yu Xin Kang, 33, both of New Orleans.......(Washington Post, 11 Feb 08)

Several arrested in Chinese spy sweep

The FBI today arrested a Pentagon official and two Chinese-born residents on espionage charges for passing defense secrets to China, the Justice Department announced.....(Washington Times, 11 Feb 08)

Pentagon official, others charged with spying

Defense Department analyst and a former engineer for Boeing Co. were charged Monday in separate cases with selling military secrets to the Chinese government, the Justice Department said.....(NBC News, 11 Feb 08)

New Spy Arrests Focus on Chinese Espionage

Two new spy cases are the latest evidence of what U.S. officials say is an intense effort by the Chinese government to steal U.S. government and industrial secrets......(US News & World Report, 11 Feb 08)

Surveillance Detailed in Engineer Trial

......Agent James Gaylord read translated letters that he said were written by a Chinese aviation official and discovered during the investigation of Chi Mak, a naturalized U.S. citizen from China who worked for a California defense contractor and who is now on trial in U.S. District Court. One 1987 letter was addressed to a Boeing engineer who worked on the space shuttle program and requested information on the development of the space shuttle as China discussed commercial aircraft. The official, identified as Gu Wei Hao, then stated he would find a way to pay Chung cash in person for any expenses in collecting or purchasing information, and said he could convey any suggestions or information through Chi Mak. "This channel is much safer than others," the official wrote. The official identified Mak as a relative, and the letter stated that it was to be hand-delivered by Mak to Greg Chung, the Boeing engineer. In a letter that investigators recovered at Chung's home in Orange, Calif., the official noted that the Chinese government was forming a ministry of aeronautics and astronautics industry.....(ABC News, 29 March 2007

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